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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Islamic studies by author (non-Muslim or academic) ： ウィキペディア英語版 Islamic studies by author (non-Muslim or academic) Included are prominent authors who have made studies concerning Islam, the religion and its civilization, and the culture of Muslim peoples. Not included are those studies of Islam produced by Muslim authors meant primarily for a Muslim audience.〔Many general and specific reference sources were used for the very wide variety of authors herein. The general sources employed include: Bearman, Bianquis, Bosworth, van Donzel, & Heinrichs (editors), ''Encyclopaedia of Islam,'' 2nd Edition., 12 vols. (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1960-2005); Brandon (editor), ''Dictionary of Comparative Religion'' (New York: Scribners 1970); Norman Daniel, ''Islam and the West'' (Edinburgh Univ. 1958); John L. Esposito, ''Oxford Dictionary of Islam'' (Oxford Univ. 2003); Gibb & Kramers (editors), ''Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam'' (Leiden: Brill 1953; Cyril Glassé, ''The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam'' (San Francisco: HarperCollins 1989).〕 Herein most of the authors from the early centuries of Islam belonged to non-Muslim societies, cultures, or religions. The primary intent of many early works was to inform non-Muslims about a distant and/or unfamiliar Islam; some were clearly polemical in motivation and cannot be termed objective. As time went on, academic standards were developed generally, and were increasingly applied to studies of Islam. Many of the authors here are of Christian provenance, yet there are also Jewish, Zoroastrian, Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Taoist, Confucian, Communist, and secular points of view. The most recent entries are often sourced in universities, and include works by Muslim professors whose publications address a worldwide audience.〔The entries usually include bibliographic citations to works of the authors. These also may serve as reference sources for further inquiry.〕 ==Chronological by date of birth== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Islamic studies by author (non-Muslim or academic)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.